Most of the population resides in the western and central areas of the township, while the east is located in the South Mountains.

Muhlenberg contains the retail district of Reading's northern suburbs with a number of restaurants and national retailers along the 5th Street Highway, including the former Fairgrounds Square Mall, former Home of Reading Fairgrounds Speedway.

The Greater Reading Expo Center was located in the township just north of the city in proximity to the PA Route 12 expressway.

Muhlenberg has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) and the hardiness zone is 6b.

The average monthly temperature in Muhlenberg Park ranges from 29.7 °F in January to 75.0 °F in July.

PA 61 and US 222 Business are north-to-south thoroughfares that intersect U.S. Route 222 (Outer Bypass) in Tuckerton and Maidencreek Township, north of Temple, respectively.

[7] Muhlenberg Township is served by multiple Berks Area Regional Transportation Authority (BARTA) bus routes including 1, 2, 3, 20, and 22, which serve residential and business areas in the township and connect the township to the BARTA Transportation Center in Reading and other points in Berks County.