Mukhtar Aliyev graduated from Turkestan Teacher Training College in 1950 and taught at a village school in Timur, Chymkent region, for a year.

[8] Aliyev's name is inextricably linked to the achievements of Kazakhstani thoracic, abdominal, vascular and microsurgery, he made a major contribution to healthcare in Kazakhstan.

[9] He was also the first to conduct endoscopic removal of gall bladders, ovarian cysts, adrenal glands and Mukhtar Aliyev also initiated founding of the Republican Organ Transplantation Center.

On his initiative, draft laws "On the protection of the health of the people", "On medical insurance", "Sanitary Code" were developed.

[12] In early 2008 Mukhtar Aliyev went to Austria to have his heart operated, and turned to the embassy of Kazakhstan in Vienna in May 2008 stating that his son Rakhat was keeping him from returning home.