Basic requirements of individual primates include obtaining food, avoiding predators, and reproducing.
[4] Multi-male groups are common among semi-terrestrial primates, like savanna baboons, macques, colobus and some New World monkeys.
[5] Another study found that there is a significant positive correlation between the number of males per female and the estimated predation rate.
[6] This finding may reflect the adaptive advantage to females of tolerating multiple males that provide vigilance and predator defense.
[10] Recently, reviews and studies found that while it may not affect mating competition, sexual activity is a primary determinant of female-female aggression and thus female social relationships.
The youngest and highest-ranking immigrant males are more likely to commit infanticide than their older and lower-ranking counterparts if putative fathers fail to protect infants.
This aloofness from other troops prevents high concentrations of individuals, which could result in rapid depletion of local resources.
When chimpanzees from different troops come together, there is often an exciting, friendly encounter lasting several hours, following which, some of the adult females switch groups.