Municipal elections in Canada fall within the jurisdiction of the various provinces and territories, who usually hold their municipal elections on the same date every two, three or four years, depending on the location.
Some municipalities will also hold referenda or ballot initiatives at the same time, usually relating to spending projects or tax changes.
Elections for city councils are held through either a ward system or an at-large system, depending on the location.
However, some municipalities have locally based political parties or election slates.
These include Montreal, Quebec City and Longueuil in Quebec and Vancouver, Victoria, Surrey and Richmond in British Columbia.