Its collection contains books from Séminaire de Québec's library, some of which were published in the 16th century and others which were placed in a restricted section called Enfer ('Hell' in French).

It also contains artifacts from Cyprus, paintings, first-edition publications of The Birds of America and Encyclopédie, and a recreation of the organ from Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec.

The former chapel, called Chapelle du Musée de l'Amérique francophone, is attached to the building.

The collection also contains coins, stamps, fossils, paintings, statues, prints, books, gold and silverware.

The artifacts are from the Neolithic to the Medieval periods and include items made from ceramic materials and a sculpture.

[4] The museum has paintings by Joseph Légaré, Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté and Jean Paul Lemieux.

The collection also contains letters from bishops or religious leaders that reject or grant permission for people to read the Enfer books.