It was originally published under the title Your Physique, before being renamed to Muscle Builder in 1954, and acquiring its current name in 1980.

There is also a companion magazine called Muscle and Fitness Hers, oriented toward women.

Many professional bodybuilders are featured in each monthly issue of Muscle & Fitness, such as Gustavo Badell, Darrem Charles, Ronnie Coleman, and Jay Cutler.

Figure competitors such as Monica Brant, Jenny Lynn, and Davana Medina are also featured, as are entertainers and other public figures such as Muhammad Ali, Steve Austin, John Cena, 50 Cent,[2] Jean-Claude Van Damme, Todd Duffee, Triple H, Evander Holyfield, Dwayne Johnson, Brock Lesnar, Nate Marquardt, Stephanie McMahon, Vince McMahon, John Morrison, Mike O'Hearn, Maryse Ouellet, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Joe Weider himself.

"[3] M&F, along with Mr. Olympia, Flex, and Muscle & Fitness Hers was sold to Arizona-based female bodybuilding enthusiast Jake Wood in February 2020.