The museum's mission is to study, document, present, and preserve ethnological, historical, and artistic artifacts related to the Slovak community in Vojvodina.

In 1949, the Slovak Museum in Yugoslavia officially opened in Bački Petrovac, showcasing artifacts such as traditional Slovak rooms and tools related to flax processing and brewing.

Over the decades, the museum evolved to focus on cultural and historical collections, despite challenges during the 1990s.

The National Museum in Bački Petrovac was founded in 1949 to preserve and promote the cultural heritage of Slovaks in Vojvodina.

[3] In April 2012, the Museum of Vojvodina Slovaks was established as an independent institution after over 60 years during which it was nominally a section of the Museum of Bački Petrovac, following an agreement between the Provincial Secretariat for Culture and Public Information and the Municipality of Bački Petrovac.