Mustaʾmīn or Musta'man (Arabic: مستأمن) is a historical Islamic term for a non-Muslim foreigner temporarily residing in Muslim lands with aman, or guarantee of short-term safe-conduct (aman mu'aqqat), affording the protected status of dhimmi (non-Muslim subjects permanently living in a Muslim-ruled land) without the payment of jizya.
[1] Merchants, messengers, students and other groups could be given an aman,[1] while foreign envoys and emissaries were automatically protected.
[2] The short-term safe-conduct can be personal or general:[3] The term is valid up to one year for the musta'min, along with his minor children and all the women related to him.
[3] Many Hanbalite jurists allowed the period of aman to one lunar year.
[5] The musta'min are subject to civil and criminal law in the territory[4] and may not do or say anything that could be construed as harming the interests of Islam.