Mustafa Wahbi Tal

Mustafa Wahbi Tal was born in Irbid, Syria Vilayet, Ottoman Empire on 25 May 1899 to an illiterate father and a mother that was "blasphemously stubborn" according to his friend and biographer Ya'qoub Al-Oudat.

During the strike, the Ottoman governor of Damascus Ismail Fazıl Pasha, the Turkish Education Principal, and State Inspector General Sheikh Abdul Jalil Al-Durrah visited the school.

According to Al-Oudat, it was this incident and the ones that followed them that made Tal known to the Ottoman authorities of being a student fond of "messing around and creating chaos during lessons, so much that the Turkish teachers called him a field mouse.

The stubbornness he inherited from his mother was beginning to impact his relationship with his father who refused to let him return to continue his studies in Damascus.

On 20 June 1917, Tal and his friend Mohammad Subhi Abu Ghnaimeh headed to the capital of the Empire, Istanbul, for a visit.

Masuh later understood that Tal's joke was mocking Ali Rikabi, the Military Governor of Arab Kingdom of Syria, which was established in the Levant following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire toward the end of World War I.

In another episode of Tal's rebellious and stubborn temperament, he and the students at Anbur demanded the school principal provide them with military training to fight the French authorities in Syria.

Al-Oudat stated that it was during his stay in Aleppo that Tal read the Rubaiyat of Persian poet Omar Khayyam and translated Apre La Bataille from French.

Tal returned to Transjordan and worked as an Arabic literature teacher in the city of Karak where he met Al-Oudat for the first time.

Al-Oudat wrote in Tal's biography:[1] On a day in April 1922, I got up from my bed in the city of Karak, perched on the western sword of the desert.

A young man with a rectangular face, sharp looks and Bedouin features was being hosted in our house, and he was Mustafa Wahbi Tal Arar (...) What caught my eye on this brown genie: his rakish figure, venerable face, charcoal hair that he sent on his shoulders like Greek philosophers, and a Rhotacism in which he could not make r sounds (...) I joked to Mustafa: Why did you send your hair on your shoulders as if you were Jesus or John the Baptist?

In 1922, Tal and Nassar began advocating Arab nationalism as they visited Nazareth in 1922, warning there of the dangers of exploiting religion.

يا رب، إن بلفور أنفذ وعـدهكم مسلم يبقى وكم نصراني؟وكيان مسجد قريتي من ذا الذييبقـي عليه إذا أزيل كيانـي؟وكنيسـة العذراء أين مكانهـاوسيكون إن بعث اليهود مكاني؟ Oh god if Balfour fulfills his promiseHow many Muslims remain and how many Christians?And will the mosque of my villagestay if my entity is removed?Where will Virgin Mary's church beif the Jews replaced me?

Adwan was equally angry with the staffing of the Emir's government with Syrians, Lebanese and Palestinians which gained him the sympathy of Transjordanian intellectuals.

[1] Before leaving Shoubak, he began his long-lasting relationship with the nomadic Dom (gypsy) community in Transjordan, which are called Nawar in Arabic.

This friendship deepened as spent his nights at their quarters between the areas of Madaba and Ajloun's Wadi Al-Yabis valley with the Nawar's donkeys, Rebabs, dancers and singers.

He was so deeply affected by the time he spent with them that he named his only diwan (poetry collection), Ashiyyat Wadi Al-Yabis, which he gifted to a Nawari woman.

Tal viewed the Kharabeesh, the tent-like structures where the Nawar people lived, to be places of safety and security where he found the justice and equality that he believed was lacking in Transjordan's cities.

بين الخرابيش لا حرص ولا طمعولا احتراب على فلس ودينـاربين الخرابيش لا مـال ولا نسبولا احتراب على حرص وإيثارولا هيــام بألقـاب وأوسمــةولا ارتفاع ولا خفض بأقـدارالكـل زط مســاواة محققــةتنفي الفوارق بين الجار والجار Between the Kharabeesh there's no eagerness or greedNor fights over a fils or a dinarBetween the Kharabeesh there's no money or lineageNor fights over eagerness or altruismNo interest in titles or decorationsNor rise or decrease in worthAll are completely equalRejecting differences between neighbors In another instance, he wrote a long poem titled Al-Oubodyeh Al-Kobra (The Great Slavery) chastising the Irbid Attorney General after he expelled the Nawari community leader Mohammad Al-Fahel (nicknamed Al-Haber) from the courthouse because of his torn and dirty clothes:[6]

يا مدعي عام اللواء وخير من فهم القضيةالهبر جاءك للسلام فكيف تمنعه التحية؟ألأن كسوته ممزقة وهيئته زرية؟قد صده جنديك الفظ الغليظ بلا رويةوأبى عليه أن يراك فجاء ممتعضا إلي...دع المراسم والرسوم لمن عقولهم شويةفالهبر مثلي ثم مثلك اردني التابعية Oh Attorney General of the district and he who understood the case wellAl-Haber came to say hello, how can you prevent him from greeting you?Is it because his clothes are torn and his appearance miserable?He was pushed away by your rude and mannerless soldierHe refused to see you so he came to me...Let the ceremonies and fees for those with a narrow mindAs Al-Haber is like you and me, a Jordanian In 1927, he was appointed principal of Al Husn School for seven months before resigning due to his active opposition to the Anglo-Transjordanian treaty of 1928, which gave Britain sweeping powers over the Transjordanian state.

After he was released, Tal made a speech at the Third National Conference highlighting the Transjordan's political and economic status and warned attendees of British policies in support of Zionism in Palestine which, according to him, aimed to turn it into a Jewish homeland that neglected the rights of the Arab natives.

He remained as Chief of Protocol for five months before being laid off in 1942 and jailed at the Mahatta Prison for 70 days because of an altercation with then Prime Minister Tawfik Abu Al-Huda.

[1] On 25 May 1949, a day before his 50th birthday, Al-Oudate wrote that "in the Amman Public Hospital, the hand of death was hard on Arar and it stabbed his beating heart.

'"[1] Tal died in 1949 without publishing any collections of his poems, which he used to sign using the pseudonym Arar, a reference to the son of Amro bin Sha, a figure in Arab and Islamic history.

When Tal's other friend Yacoub Al-Oudat published his biography titled Arar: Jordan's poet in 1958, it included more than 500 verses which were not present in Moutlaq's first edition of Ashiyyat Wadi Al-Yabis.

يقول عبود جنات النعيم على أبوابها حارس يدعوه رضوانامن ماء راحوب لم يشرب وليس له ربع بجلعاد أو حي بشيحاناولا تفيأ في عجلون وارفة ولا حدا بهضاب السلط قطعاناولا أصاخ الى أطيارنا سحرا بالغور تملأه شدوا وألحاناولا بوادي الشتا تأمته جؤذرة ولا رعى بسهول الحصن غزلاناولا تأردنه بيوم محتمل ولا تقديسه الأردن إمكاناإذا كانت يا شيخ هذا شأن جنتكم فابعد بها انها ليست بمرماناوقل معي بلسان غير ذي عوج لا كنت يا جنة الفردوس مأوانا Aboud says that on the doors of heaven there is a guard named RidwanHe hasn't drank from the waters of Rahub nor does he have friends in Gilead or a neighborhood in ShihanHe has not stood in the shade in Ajloun nor has he tended herds in the hills of Al-SaltHe has not listened to our magical birds in the Ghour singing hymnsNor has he planted a tree in Wadi Al-Sheta or raised gazelles in the valleys of Al-HusnThere is no way he will ever become a Jordanian or will it ever be possible for him to glorify JordanOh Sheikh if this is your heaven then keep it away from us as it isn't within our reachAnd say with me without rolling your tongue that heaven shall never be our sanctuary Tal also wrote poems criticizing the British colonial officials in Jordan including Frederick Peake and Glubb Pasha, Transjordan's Arab Legion commanders, and Lieutenant Colonel Henry Cox, the British Representative.

سأفتح حانةً وأبيع خمراً بوادي السير لكن للعذارىلعل عيونك السوداء يوماً تطالعني بحملقة السكارى I will open a bar and sell alcohol in Wadi Al-Seer but for virginsPerhaps one day your dark eyes will look at me with a drunkard stare I am a joyful man and in my joyful life I follow Plato's method, Epicurus' doctrine, Khayyam's spirit and Diogenes' path.

He corresponded with several influential figures including: Sharif Hussein bin Ali, Emir Abdullah, Jordanian activist Suleiman Nabulsi, Palestinian leader Haj Amin Al-Husseini, Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa El-Nahas, American British historian Bernard Lewis and to several newspaper editors in Egypt, Syria and Palestine.

The Arar Literary Forum holds cultural events in Tal's house in Irbid, which was turned into a museum that welcomes hundreds of visitors annually.

Wasfi lost his temper in the corridor outside the Prime Minister's office and launched into a tirade of abuse and curses which were overheard by Abu Al-Huda.

The patio of Tal's family house in Irbid which was turned into a museum in 1989 after his grave was relocated there. The museum receives hundreds of visitors annually.
Tal during the 1920s, colorized.
Tal in late 1920s.
Tal making a speech that discussed Transjordan's political and economic status and warned attendees of British policies in support of Zionism in Palestine which, according to him, aimed to turn it into a Jewish homeland that neglected the rights of the Arab natives during the Third National Conference on 25 May 1930.
Monument to Mustafa Wahbi Tal in Irbid, Jordan
Mustafa Wahbi Tal with his children, early 1930s
Mustafa Wahbi Tal and his son Wasfi Tal during the late 1930s. Wasfi would later become the Prime Minister of Jordan