[5] A description of individual mutanomes of human tumors has been made feasible by the introduction of Next Generation Sequencing Technology (NGS).
[14] Cancer immunotherapy uses the body's own immune defense system and is based on the recognition by cytotoxic and helper T cells with antitumor activity.
[8][11][14][15] Ongoing mutanome cancer vaccine trials use synthetic peptides and antigen-encoding DNA or RNA as formats.
[7] For an individualized treatment, neoepitopes that are thought to elicit a strong immune response are selected out of the patient's mutanome.
[14][16] The IVAC concept is based on decoding the individual mutanome by NGS and on-demand mRNA manufacturing for use in single patients to produce therapeutic vaccines against cancer.