It provides healthcare services in Angus, the Dundee City council area and Perth and Kinross.

It has three Health and Social Care Partnerships (HSCPs): Angus, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross.

In July 2020 the board announced that it had achieved the Scottish Government’s 2024 target of a 90% reduction in prevalence of hepatitis C, after 1970 people were diagnosed and treated, making it the first region in the world to effectively eliminate the virus.

In April 2018 a new chairman and chief executive were appointed to run NHS Tayside as a "special measure" by the Scottish Government, after Health Secretary Shona Robison said there were concerns about whether NHS Tayside could manage its own finances.

The archives include many records relating to many of the former and current hospitals located in the Tayside area.