The NS 1600 was a series of steam engines of the Dutch national railways, Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), and its predecessors Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS), Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (HSM) and Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij (NRS).

The Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij (NRS) ordered nine locomotives numbered 101–109 at Sharp Stewart and Company located in Glasgow in 1899.

Originally these locomotives were equipped with a speedometer of the system Kapteyn, which was driven by one of the axles of the bogie.

The equipment of the disbanded railroad was split over Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (HSM) and Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS); each railroad receiving the same number of locomotives randomly being assigned.

They were nicknamed "Rhijnbogen" at the HSM in honour of their NRS heritage and their bogies.

Locomotive 1604 was chosen for inclusion in the collection of the Dutch Railway Museum (Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum).

After the complete liberation of The Netherlands, the NS main service center in Tilburg fully restored the locomotive.

These last units had a higher steam pressure and a larger tractive force of 5030 kg.

These new tenders had larger water and coal capacity and were more suitable for fast-train service.