The Naccache–Stern cryptosystem was discovered by David Naccache and Jacques Stern in 1998.
Like many public key cryptosystems, this scheme works in the group
This system allows encryption of a message m in the group
Then E(m) is an encryption of the message m. To decrypt, we first find m mod pi for each i, and then we apply the Chinese remainder theorem to calculate m mod
The semantic security of the Naccache–Stern cryptosystem rests on an extension of the quadratic residuosity problem known as the higher residuosity problem.
Naccache, David; Stern, Jacques (1998).
"A New Public Key Cryptosystem Based on Higher Residues".
Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security.