Andi Nafsiah Walinono Mboi (born 14 July 1941) is an Indonesian politician and physician.

She served as Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia from 14 June 2012 until 20 October 2014.

Nafsiah Mboi is a veteran senior pediatrician who received a Master of Public Health qualification from the Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Belgium in 1990 and became a research fellow for Takemi Program in International Health at Harvard University, Cambridge, United States in 1990–1991.

Her involvement in the health sector began in 1978, when she along with her husband, Aloysius Benedictus Mboi who served as Governor of East Nusa Tenggara were doing their efforts in elevating the health and welfare of the people of East Nusa Tenggara.

[2] On 13 June 2012, Mboi was appointed as the Minister of Health by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono after the previous minister, Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih died on 2 May 2012, from lung cancer.