Animal trypanosomiasis

[1] The trypanosomes infect the blood of the vertebrate host, causing fever, weakness, and lethargy, which lead to weight loss and anemia.

The immune response of animals may be unable to eliminate trypanosomes completely, and the host may become an inapparent carrier.

[4] Transmission was successfully halted on Zanzibar by sterile insect technique (SIT) of the vector Glossina austeni.

The disease cannot be diagnosed with certainty except physically detecting parasites by blood microscopic examination or various serological reactions.

[4][6] cattle camels horses G. swynnertoni G. pallidipes G. palpalis G. tachinoides G. fuscipes camels horses G. morsitans G. austeni G. swynnertoni G. pallidipes G. longipalpis G. tachinoides G. brevipalpis cattle camels horses G. fuscipes G. morsitans G. tachinoides G. longipalpis G. fusca G. tabaniformis G. brevipalpis G. vanhoofi G. austeni camels horses G. palpalis G. tachinoides G. swynnertoni G. pallidipes G. austeni G. vanhoofi G. longipalpis If the outbreak is detected early, the organism can be destroyed by quarantines, movement controls, and the euthanasia of infected animals.

Tsetse fly populations can be reduced or eliminated by traps, insecticides, and by treating infected animals with antiparasitic drugs.