Designed in response to an Imperial Japanese Army requirement of 1927, the Type 91 was developed from the NC series of fighter prototypes.

Compared to the earlier NC, the Type 91 had a smaller wing, relocated fuel tank and wing-bracing struts, Townend ring-type cowling, new design tail and undercarriage.

However, issues arose with both directional stability and centre of gravity, with the result that the type was delayed entering service.

Between 1931 and 1934, 420 aircraft were constructed (including 100 by Ishikawajima; 23 of the total were Type 91-2, powered by a 432 kW (580 hp) Nakajima Kotobuki 2 radial engine.

Data from Japanese aircraft 1910-1941,[1] The Complete Book of Fighters [2]General characteristics Performance Armament