Name

A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual human.

The word name comes from Old English nama; cognate with Old High German (OHG) namo, Sanskrit नामन् (nāman), Latin nomen, Greek ὄνομα (onoma), and Persian نام (nâm), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥.

Sometimes there is a name for the car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, after the precious metal.

Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.

Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers.

[4] Middle names eventually fell out of use, but regained popularity in Europe during the nineteenth century.

People may also have titles designating their role in an institution or profession (members of royal families may use various terms such as king, Queen, duke, or duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to the throne).

By invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's power for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus).

This understanding passed into later religious tradition, for example the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give up its name, at which point the name may be used in a stern command which will drive the demon away.

This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 16, which according to Roman Catholic teaching[8] was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding actions.

[10] Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at birth that reflect something of significance or describe the course of their lives.

For example: Solomon meant peace,[11] and the king with that name was the first whose reign was without war.

We can see many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such as Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc.

Dolphins[13] and green-rumped parrotlets[14] also use symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals.

From a historical perspective, the term Named Entity was coined during the MUC-6 evaluation campaign[15] and contained ENAMEX (entity name expressions e.g. persons, locations and organizations) and NUMEX (numerical expression).

Rigid designators usually include proper names as well as certain natural terms like biological species and substances.

There is also a general agreement in the Named Entity Recognition community to consider temporal and numerical expressions as named entities, such as amounts of money and other types of units, which may violate the rigid designator perspective.