Nanjing Library (simplified Chinese: 南京图书馆; traditional Chinese: 南京圖書館; pinyin: Nánjīng Túshūguǎn) is the third-largest library in China with over 10 million items.

It houses important scientific, cultural and arts literature relating to Jiangsu province and other national historical records such as ancient Chinese and foreign publications.

As located in the ancient capital Nanjing, the library contains 1.6 million ancient books and 100,000 volumes of books, documents and manuscripts (including Buddhist scriptures) dating from the Tang dynasty to the Ming dynasty.

[3] In 1933, the Chinese Ministry of Education built the National Central Library (國立中央圖書館) on Chengxian Street in Nanjing.

Towards the end of 1948, Jiang Fucong took about 130,000 volumes of rare books to Taiwan under instructions of the Republic of China.

The core of this collection was formed by the "Rare Book Preservation Society" (文獻保存同志會) in 1940–41.