Nanoionics[1] is the study and application of phenomena, properties, effects, methods and mechanisms of processes connected with fast ion transport (FIT) in all-solid-state nanoscale systems.
Nikolaichik (Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka) in January 1992.
The role of boundaries in nanoionics-I is the creation of conditions for high concentrations of charged defects (vacancies and interstitials) in a disordered space-charge layer.
But in nanoionics-II, it is necessary to conserve the original highly ionic conductive crystal structures of advanced superionic conductors at ordered (lattice-matched) heteroboundaries.
Despite the obvious difference of objects of solid state ionics and nanoionics-I, -II, the true new problem of fast-ion transport and charge/energy storage (or transformation) for these objects (fast-ion conductors) has a special common basis: non-uniform potential landscape on nanoscale[8] (for example) which determines the character of the mobile ion subsystem response to an impulse or harmonic external influence, e.g. a weak influence in Dielectric spectroscopy (impedance spectroscopy).
The Lehovec effect has become the basis for the creation of a multitude of nanostructured fast-ion conductors which are used in modern portable lithium batteries and fuel cells.
In 2012, a 1D structure-dynamic approach was developed in nanoionics[24][25][26] for a detailed description of the space charge formation and relaxation processes in irregular potential relief (direct problem) and interpretation of characteristics of nanosystems with fast-ion transport (inverse problem), as an example, for the description of a collective phenomenon: coupled ion transport and dielectric-polarization processes which lead to A. K. Jonscher's "universal" dynamic response.