Naphtali Keller (25 January 1834 in Tarnów, Galicia – 5 August 1865 in Rožnov (Rožnau, Rosenau), Moravia) was an Austrian scholar.
Naphtali as a mere youth practised speaking Hebrew with his friend Marcus Weissmann-Chajes and began to write poems in that language.
He also acquired a certain amount of modern culture by means of Hebrew educational literature.
After losing in business the marriage portion given him by his father-in-law, he went with his wife and four children to Vienna, and there eked out a toilsome existence as a broker.
In the spring of 1865, on the advice of his physician, he went to Rožnov, a watering-place, to seek relief from an illness which had attacked him in the previous year; but he died there.