Naphtali Maskileison (Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי מַשְֹכִּיל לְאֵיתָן, romanized: Naftali Maskil le-Eitan; 20 February 1829, Radashkovichy – 19 November 1897, Minsk) was an Imperial Russian Hebrew Maskilic author and book-dealer.
His father, Hebrew scholar Abraham Maskileison, instructed him in Talmud.
Study of the poetical works of Moshe Chaim Luzzatto and Naphtali Wessely awakened Maskileison's interest in contemporary Hebrew literature, then regarded with disfavor by the Orthodox circles in which he grew up.
His first poetical production was the drama Esther, which was praised by the poet Avraham Dov Ber Lebensohn.
One of Maskileison's most valuable undertakings was his revised edition of Jehiel Heilprin's Seder ha-dorot (Warsaw, 1878–1882).