Narcotic

[1] In the United States, it has since become associated with opiates and opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as well as derivatives of many of the compounds found within raw opium latex.

In the medical community, the term is more precisely defined and generally does not carry the same negative connotations.

[7] Research acknowledges that alcohol can have similar effects to narcotics in head or trunk trauma situations.

These include: The Convention divides drugs into four groups, or schedules, to enforce a greater or lesser degree of control for the various substances and compounds.

In common parlance and legal usage, it is often used imprecisely to mean illicit drugs, irrespective of their pharmacology.

For example, narcotics control legislation in Canada, the US, and certain other countries includes cocaine and cannabis as well as opioids (see also conventions, international drug).

[13] Section 1300.01 Definitions relating to controlled substances: (b) As used in parts 1301 through 1308 and part 1312 of this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings specified: (30) The term narcotic drug means any of the following whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin or independently using chemical synthesis or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis: (i) Opium, opiates, derivatives of opium and opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation.

[14] A 1984 amendment to 21 USC (Controlled Substances Act), Section 802 expanded and revised definition of "narcotic drug", including within term poppy straw, cocaine, and ecgonine.

John Arthur Stieren appeals from the judgment of conviction for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute and dispense under 21 U.S.C.

Stieren was convicted after special agents testified that he had and attempted to sell them a large quantity of cocaine.

It is within the legislative prerogative to classify cocaine, which is a non-narcotic central nervous system stimulant, as a narcotic for penalty and regulatory purposes.

We hold that Congress had a rational legislative purpose when it classified cocaine as a Schedule II narcotic drug to impose penalties.

[16]The term "narcotic" is believed to have been coined by the Greek physician Galen to refer to agents that numb or deaden, causing paralysis or loss of feeling.

Galen listed mandrake root, altercus (eclata),[17][failed verification] seeds, and poppy juice (opium) as the chief examples.

Synthesized drugs created with an opium base for use in pain management are fentanyl, oxycodone, tramadol, pethidine (Demerol), hydrocodone, methadone, and hydromorphone.

Receptor binding of the opioid causes a cascade leading to the channel opening and hyperpolarization of the neuron.