Such sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with superscript nasal letters, for example as [tⁿ] in English catnip [ˈkætⁿnɪp].
A postnasalized stop or prestopped nasal begins with a raised velum that lowers during the occlusion.
Eastern Arrernte has both prenasalized stops and prestopped nasals, but it does not have word-initial consonant clusters.
Ladefoged and Maddieson[1] investigated one such claimed case and concluded that the two sounds were better analyzed as /nd/ and /nnd/, respectively.
Although the difference is commonly chalked up to aspiration, final nasal release is contrastive in Wolof:[2] Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless.