Nasu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 13 members.

Nasu, together with the city of Nasushiobara collectively contributes four members to the Tochigi Prefectural Assembly.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tochigi 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

The economy of Nasu is heavily dependent on tourism from its numerous hot spring and ski resorts.

The town has one public high school operated by the Tochigi Prefectural Board of Education.