It consists of 66 members, 62 directly elected for five-year terms in multi-member constituencies and 4 additional members, known as "best losers", appointed by the Electoral Supervisory Commission to ensure that ethnic and religious minorities are equitably represented.

The Government is primarily responsible to the National Assembly and the prime minister stays in office with the confidence of a majority of its members.

After a general election, the Electoral Supervisory Commission may nominate up to a maximum of 8 additional members in accordance with section 5 of the First Schedule of the Constitution with a view to correct any imbalance in community representation in Parliament.

A new assembly was elected on November 22, 2024 and a new coalition government was appointed with Navin Ramgoolam as prime minister.

The President acting on the advice of the prime minister may at any time adjourn, prorogue or dissolve the assembly.