National Museums Scotland (NMS; Scottish Gaelic: Taighean-tasgaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government.

NMS is one of the country's National Collections, and holds internationally important collections of natural sciences, decorative arts, world cultures, science and technology, and Scottish history and archaeology.

The main storage building at the National Museums Collection Centre, at Granton in Edinburgh, opened in 1996.

The National Museum of Costume was located at Shambellie House, in New Abbey, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.

It is a non-departmental public body, funded by the Education and Lifelong Learning Directorate of the Scottish Government.