The National Personnel Authority (人事院, Jinji-in), also abbreviated NPA, is a Japanese administrative agency.

In order to ensure fairness, neutrality and uniformity in the personnel management of national civil servants and fulfill the function of compensating for restrictions on basic labor rights, it is an administrative committee that enacts, amends and abolishes rules of the National Personnel Authority, judges adverse disposition reviews, and makes recommendations regarding salaries.

It is a "Central Personnel Administration Agency" established through the National Public Service Act.

Personnel management in the modern civil service system must be thoroughly merit-based and performance-based (qualification appointment system), eliminating all biases based on political parties and other factors, in order to ensure the continuity and expertise of administration.

In addition, civil servants' basic labor rights are restricted, and as a compensation, a third-party organization independent of the employer, the government, must protect the interests of the employees.