[11] The university consists of 11 colleges, 56 departments, 133 graduate institutes, about 60 research centers, and a school of professional education and continuing studies.

[11] After World War II, the then-Chinese National government (the now-called Republic of China (Taiwan)) reorganized the school as an institution for Chinese-speaking students.

The school was renamed National Taiwan University on November 15, 1945, and Lo Tsung-lo was appointed as its president.

[15][16] Kuan Chung-ming, an economist who previously served in the Ma Administration, was named university president-elect in January 2018 but soon became embroiled in allegations related to plagiarism, academic misconduct, and violations of civil code which stipulated that Taiwanese public servants were not permitted to deliver lectures or to be involved in any mainland China-related academic activities due to national security concerns.

[18][19][20] Though Kuan was eventually cleared of all accusations and officially named as the university president in January 2019[21] (see 2018 NTU Presidential Election Controversy [zh]), this prolonged investigation raised suspicion regarding the intervention from the ruling DPP government.

NTU requires most of its undergraduate students to take a mandatory core curriculum, comprising Chinese, freshman English, physical education, and public service.

The medical school in addition dictates each of its students to take philosophy and sociology classes as well as seminars in ethics and thanatology.

NTU's programs cover a wide array of disciplines across science, arts, and the humanities, with up to 8,000 courses made available for selection each semester.

[25] Students are able to select courses offered by any of the colleges; however, compulsory subjects designated for each major needs to be completed to be awarded a degree.

[31] Chung Wai Literary Quarterly (Chinese: 中外文學) is a quarterly Taiwanese peer-reviewed scholarly journal published by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, National Taiwan University, featuring fiction, academic articles, reviews, translations, and non-fiction essays related to Western literature.

[32]: 17–21  Originally founded as a monthly literary magazine by Yen Yuan-shu [zh] and Chu Limin in 1972 and named Chung Wai Literary Monthly, the journal aims to encourage and promote critical and emerging approaches to non-local literatures and connect literature with other academic disciplines.

Many NTU electrical engineering graduates have gone on to build global companies, including Quanta Computer's Barry Lam, Mediatek's Tsai Ming-kai and Garmin's Min Kao.