Nding language

Nding is a (critically) endangered[2][3] Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family of Kordofan, Sudan.

[2] However, the 2020 edition of "Ethnoloɠue" describes it as endangered, counting 400 speakers among some young people and all adults.

[4] Rarely does one come across such combinations as rn, rb, dr.[4] The consonant “l” [el] can, and often is, also written as “il”.

[4] Such consonant and vowel changes also seem to happen in an irregular manner, as there is no obvious connection found yet, e.g. tj becomes dj, ti becomes di, ta becomes da.

[4] The before-mentioned categories stand at the core of Meinhof’s plural form classification.

There are the following subcategories of these nouns, according to Meinhof:[4] Now, the other type of plural form, created by a change of the final position, is categorized in the following way:[4] Oftentimes vowel changes appear in plural forms too, e.g. nudruba pl.

[4] The information and data gathered on the topic of adjectives are very limited, and according to Seligmann, in Nding they would be usually replaced with a verbal construction, e.g. instead of saying “no mountain is greater than Eliri” it would be literally translated as “no mountain surpasses Eliri”= ko ma keñe Dayo[5].

[4] Meinhof divided the adjectival noun-dependent prefixes into 3 categories:[4] The genitive seems very rare and almost non-existent in the Nding language, however, when it is used, it is put at the end of the phrase unit, just like in Bantu, e.g. ba bura bá Dayo [eng.

[4] The numerals 1,2 and 3 with connection to the -mena (see numbers 6, 7, 8) gain an initial sound -y.

[4] Personal pronouns can also conjoin with the verbs and act as suffixes; thus, indicating the subject of the action: -ia/i (I), -wa/o (you), -wa/oba (he), -uria/-ori (we), -ota/-ata (you pl.

[4] Nevertheless, there are many ambiguities and contradictions in the data about personal pronouns, so there are still many problems with finding a clear pattern.

[4][5] Prepositions: ra („in“ in a sense, when someone is asking for a location of something), ba („to“), an („from“), nā („at/on“), tuko („outside“), tuka („at/on“ in a sense, when someone asks about location), djeta (“far from”), noṅgotjon (“close to”), tenyagan (“under”), ti/tiaritjo (“in the middle of”).