Barbarano Romano borders the following municipalities: Blera, Capranica, Vejano, Vetralla, Villa San Giovanni in Tuscia.

The volcanic height on which the town stands was likely the site of an ancient village dating from the Bronze Age, as numerous artifacts found at the base of the hill attest.

An original marble plaque from 1280, located at the entrance of the main Church of S. Maria Assunta, indicates it was built in 1280, during the papal vacancy following the death of Pope Nicholas III.

Directed by Prof. Stephan Steingraber of Roma 3 University, the site is home to a museum, whose exhibits span from the Neolithic to the Iron Age, including the Villanovan era, and highlight Etruscan culture with a focus on ceramics, funerary sculptures, and ex-voto reproductions.

Among the notable pieces is a sarcophagus known as "the priestess," featuring a detailed depiction of a female figure with a religious instrument, alongside a collection of near-life-sized Etruscan funerary sculptures, including a lion.