The specific epithet calonotos ("beautiful-backed") refers to the patterning on the upper surface of the body.

[3] Neelaps calonotos rarely grows to a total length (including tail) of more than 28 cm (11 in), and is considered to be Australia's smallest venomous snake.

[4] Neelaps calonotos is oviparous, with an average clutch size of four (range 2–6).

[3] Neelaps calonotos is nocturnal, staying in loose sand during the day and preying on small animals such as lizards at night.

[4] Neelaps calonotos occurs in coastal south-western Western Australia.