Negros, the largest island in the Visayas, is believed to have once been part of a larger landmass that was cut off by rising waters at the end of the last ice age.

[4] Because of the strong currents of the Tañon Strait between Cebu and Negros, they were carried for several days and forced to land on the western side of the island.

Due to its proximity to Mindanao, the southeastern coasts of Negros were in constant threat from Moro marauders looking for slaves, so watchtowers were built to protect the Christian villages.

The Moro raids and Negros Oriental's distance from the Negrense capital of Bacolod, induced 13 Recollectionist priests to petition for the division of the island in July 1876.

In 1892, Siquijor became a part of Negros Oriental, having previously been administered by Spain under the politico-military province of Bohol.

Revolutionary troops in the island were composed mostly of farm labourers and other prominent people of the province of Negros Oriental, who were organized and led by Don Diego de la Viña.

[5] In 1901, the Negros Oriental province was reorganized by the United States and a civil government was established, with Demetrio Larena as governor.

[7] During World War II, both Negros provinces were invaded by Imperial Japanese forces, resorting many residents to flee to the inland mountains.

[8] Negros Island was liberated by combined Philippine & American troops with the local Negrense guerillas attacking the Japanese on August 6, 1945.

On May 29, 2015, the Negros Island Region was formed when President Benigno Aquino III signed Executive Order No.

However, on August 9, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte dissolved the Negros Island Region, revoking Executive Order No.

38, citing a lack of funds to fully establish the region according to Benjamin Diokno, the Secretary of Budget and Management.

Governor Manuel "Chaco" L. Sagarbarria signed the marker's Certificate of Transfer in the presence of Imee Marcos, Francis Tolentino, Mark Villar, Risa Hontiveros, Lito Lapid, Jinggoy Estrada, Irish Ambassador William John Carlos and Philippine Tour Operators Association who graced the historic event along Dumaguete North Road, Dumaguete City.

Kuh Ledesma, Silliman University Dance Troupe and Orchestra Sin Arco performed with others followed by the finale, Pyro Musical Competition at the Freedom Park.

At the northern end of the province is the active Kanlaon Volcano, the highest peak of the island region with a height of 2,465 metres (8,087 ft).

Negros Oriental is predominantly a Cebuano-speaking province due to its close proximity to Cebu, with 72% of residents reporting it as a first language.

Construction of mass housing and subdivisions is very evident in the periphery of Dumaguete and is expected to spill over into the province's secondary cities and fast-growing towns.

Retailing has penetrated other urban areas outside Dumaguete, with the entry of supermarkets and shopping malls in cities such as Bayawan, Tanjay, and Bais.

The town of Bacong, which borders Dumaguete in the south, hosts many industrial plants geared for the local and export markets, which can bolster economic growth.

Moreover, motorcycle taxis, known locally as habal-habal, are the primary mode of transportation in places that cannot be reached with other types of vehicles.

[39] It is a domestic airport with multiple daily flights to and from Manila, served by Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific.

[40] The airport is due for transfer to Bacong because of congestion in its current location and has been proposed since 2014 and is still pending final approval as of 2022.

The following tables show a list of some universities, colleges, and other tertiary institutions located in the province of Negros Oriental.

[43] It is a week-long celebration where unique booths of each town and city in Negros Oriental feature their native products and tourist attractions.

[48] PLDT, Globe Telecom, DITO Telecommunity and their subsidiaries are major providers of a network connection within the province.

Major providers, in TV and radio are Advanced Media Broadcasting System operating AllTV Channel 12 Dumaguete acquired from a defunct ABS-CBN Dumaguete station, People's Television Network, GMA, and GTV (Philippine TV network).

The province is mainly served before by one regional newscast: TV Patrol Central Visayas (shared with ABS-CBN Cebu).