[3] He served with the 2nd Battalion under Sir William Lockhart in the Tochi Field Force on the North West Frontier of India in 1897.

[2] Following a stint in Uganda, where he conducted operations in Shuli country, he was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and promoted to captain on 21 December 1898.

[4] He served with the mounted infantry in the Second Boer War in South Africa from late 1899, and took part in the Battle of Paardeberg in February 1900, where he was severely wounded by a gunshot in his thigh.

[5] After his return to the United Kingdom, he was made a deputy assistant quartermaster general (DAQMG) at army headquarters in January 1906[6] and secretary of the historical section of the committee of Imperial Defence in 1908.

[10] He initially succeeded Hugh Jeudwine as a general staff officer, grade 1 (GSO1)[11] with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).