[1] It was laid out around 1807 as upmarket terraced housing and named after Admiral Horatio Nelson whose death during his victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 made him a national hero.
The railway running towards Blackfriars Station passes near the eastern end of the square on a viaduct.
The square was developed on land owned by Sir Francis Wood, 2nd Baronet, and was most likely entirely designed by the architect Samuel Pepys Cockerell.
[4] The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley lodged at 26 Nelson Square, which was later commemorated by a blue plaque until a German bombing raid in the Second World War destroyed the building.
Other notable residents have included Thomas Barnes, the editor of The Times, and the surgeon Charles Aldis.