Nelson Wesley Trout (1921–1996) was the first African-American bishop in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
Trout was elected bishop of the South Pacific District of the American Lutheran Church (ALC) in 1983, a position he served through 1987.
At the time of his election he was a professor and director of minority studies at Trinity Lutheran Seminary, Columbus, Ohio.
During his earlier career, he served pastorates in Alabama (where he became a friend and colleague of Martin Luther King Jr.), California and Wisconsin, and as Executive Director of Lutheran Social Services, Dayton, Ohio.
He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on September 20.