Neocalamites thrived during the Permian and Triassic, and occurs worldwide.

According to Elgorriaga et al. 2018, characteristics of Neocalamites include: "(1) aerial stems with continuous ribs across nodes, (2) whorls of unfused leaves as in archaeocalamitacean plants, (3) compact strobili consisting of successive whorls of peltate sporangiophores, and (4) bearing six or more sporangia per sporangiophore as in equisetacean strobili.

"[1] The leaves are similar to those of Annularia while the stems closely resemble those of Calamites.

[2] Recent phylogenetic analysis has placed the genus as more closely related to modern Equisetaceae than to Calamitaceae.

Cladogram after Elgorriaga et al, 2018[1] Protocalamostachys Peltotheca Paracalamitina Cruciaetheca Calamitaceae Neocalamites Equisetites arenaceus Spaciinodum Equisetum According to Villalva et al. 2023 the chronological range of the genus spans from the Late Permian to the Late Jurassic.