[2] A morphological monograph of Neofabraea and the related Pezicula and their asexual states[3] stimulated the description of many new species and a multigene phylogeny based on rDNA, RPB2 and TUB2 (beta-tubulin) sequences.

Sexual states are often associated with cankers on bark, and are leathery black, brown, grey, or reddish apothecia about 1–2 mm diam.

that usually lack a stipe, and have 8-spored cylindrical to club-shaped asci, often with an apical ring, and ellipsoidal to curved 1-celled, hyaline ascospores that sometimes germinate and produce conidia from phialides.

Some Neofabraea species are serious plant pathogens in apple and pear orchards around the world that canker-bearing trees are usually removed.

[3] Neofabraea malicorticis, N. perennans and N. keinholzii cause apple anthracnose and post-harvest bull's eye rot.