Neoplecostomus is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America.

[1] Neoplecostomus can be distinguished from all other loricariids by a modified shield of small plates on the abdomen with posteriorly directed odontodes; the shield appears to act as a holdfast.

The color pattern is generally mottled brown with the abdomen white.

[1] The species of Neoplecostomus live in fast-flowing water.

This article relating to Neoplecostominae is a stub.