Neoplecostomus altimontanus, or high mountain armored catfish, was discovered in 2010 and also 2023 while surveying rivers in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

It also has a blotchy pattern and ranges from a creamy color to a dark grayish-brown to a yellow brown.

[1] Neoplecostomus altimontanus lives in two streams (tributaries of the Rio Capivari) within the Rio Capivari drainage on the northern slope of Serra da Mantiqueira, in southeastern Brazil.

The more fish were found in the places with higher water flow with small waterfalls.

[1] It says in the last paragraph of the Miami Herald article about the fish that the team of researchers who found the species are P. L. C. Uzeda, I. Paiola, P. S. Cesar, V. K. N. Okubo, W. J. Marques-Frisoni, B. N. Andrade, and F.