Nelson's woodrat (Neotoma nelsoni) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.

It is endemic to Mexico, where it is known only from the eastern slopes of the volcanoes Orizaba and Cofre de Perote.

[1] Due to the small geographic range, isolation, and low population, the Nelson's woodrat has a higher risk for extinction.

The population exists in geographic isolation, which prevents gene flow[2] The Nelson's woodrat can only be found on the eastern side of the volcanoes Pico de Orizaba and Cofre de Perote in Mexico.

Exotic and invasive species pose a threat to the Nelson's woodrat as potential predators.