The range comprises Washington Escarpment with its associated ridges, valleys and peaks, the Iroquois Plateau, the Schmidt and the Williams Hills.

[1] The Neptune Range was discovered and photographed on 13 January 1956 on a United States Navy transcontinental plane flight from McMurdo Sound to Weddell Sea and return.

It was named by United States US-ACAN after the Navy P2V-2N "Neptune" aircraft with which this flight was made.

[1] Download coordinates as: The Neptune Range runs from south to north to the east if the Foundation Ice Stream.

The major west-facing escarpment of the Neptune Range, extending some 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) and being the point of origin of a number of west-trending rock ridges.