Nero and the Burning of Rome (Italian: Nerone e Messalina) is a 1953 Italian epic historical drama film directed by Primo Zeglio and loosely based on real life events of Roman emperor Nero.

The dissolute Nero has come to the imperial throne through the machinations of his mother Julia Agrippina, whom he later murders.

Among his other prominent victims are his tutor Seneca the Younger and his first two wives, Claudia Octavia and Poppea Sabina.

One of his mistresses, the slave girl Claudia Acte, is portrayed in the film as a Christian who introduces the emperor to their teachings and flees on learning her lover's identity.

When the populace eventually rises against him, Nero takes refuge with one of his freedmen and is killed by a slave.