[1] In 2017, Divakar and colleagues used a then-recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species that diverged within the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera.

[3] This proposed synonymy was not accepted in a later critical analysis of the temporal phylogenetic approach for fungal classification.

Initially, they develop inside the lichen thallus, but eventually break through the cortex and slightly protrude.

The disc starts off flat with a fine margin, then becomes slightly convex and marginless, with a dull black-brown colour.

It is found on the thalli of various foliose (leaf-like) and fruticose (shrub-like) lichens, where it sometimes induces the formation of galls.