It is believed that the name Neuendorf came from the idea of building a new village (neues Dorf in German, with the —es ending changing to —en in the genitive and dative cases).

Neuendorf's and Nantenbach's townsmen in the early days had to pay tribute to oft-changing feudal lords, among others the Prince-Bishops in Mainz, the Amt of Hanau, the Stewardship of Lohr and the Counts of Rieneck.

In the course of municipal reform in Bavaria, Neuendorf managed to keep its self-administration, and was grouped into the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Lohr am Main.

The armorial commentary reads thus: “Neuendorf’s history was mainly characterized by the Counts of Rieneck, who are remembered in the municipal arms by the colours red and gold.

The more than three-hundred-year-old barrel hoop making and woodworking tradition in Neuendorf and Nantenbach is recalled by the planing knife.

On the opposite side of the Main from Neuendorf is found the ruin of the former Schönrain Priory, which after its abolition in the 16th century was used by the Counts of Rieneck as a castle and an administration building.

In the arms, the battlements refer to this priory or castle complex.”The Schönrain ruin does not lie within Neuendorf municipal limits, but is nonetheless the community's landmark.

The small farmers here bettered their livelihood by working in the forest, carving barrel staves, peeling bark and transporting wood to landing places on the Main.

Among industries that have settled in the community, a metalworking (flexible wire parts) business, a special firm for machinery add-ons, a concrete works – mostly for prefabricated floors – and a car body shop can be named.

According to official statistics, there were 157 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls working in producing businesses in 1998.

A modern town hall with a multipurpose hall for local clubs, a new kindergarten, and a sporting ground newly built by SV Neuendorf (the sport club) along with its clubhouse should foster the sense of community and a variety of activities in the community.

Participating in local cultural life are the orchestra, the Franconian Costume Orchestra, the “Schönrain Echo”, the sport club, the FC Bayern Fanclub, a Shrovetide Carnival (known in Franconia as Fasenacht) club, the fire brigade, a Red Cross society, a mixed choir, the Catholic Women's League, the fruitgrowing and gardening club, the ComputerClub Neuendorf and the Kolping Family.