Starting from the south going in a clockwise direction, Neuenstadt is surrounded by Eberstadt, Neckarsulm, Oedheim, Bad Friedrichshall, Neudenau, Hardthausen am Kocher and Langenbrettach (all also in the district of Heilbronn).

In the 17th and 18th century the Württemberg-Neuenstadt branch line of the ducal house of Württemberg took up residence in Neuenstadt castle until the male lineage of dukes died out in 1742.

Towards the end of the Second World War the fortified stronghold of Neuenstadt came under heavy fire from allied forces.

Since then, fragments of live wood, suitable for 'cuttings', were garnered, grown until rooted then large enough to hold a structure, a kind of pergola in an attractive lime garden, which now surrounds the bottom of the tree trunk that has survived.

The Evangelical Church Parish of Neuenstadt, which also encompasses Kochertürn, Stein and Bürg currently boasts 2960 members.

Local elections on June 13, 2004 returned the following seats: The town mayor is also member and chairman of the district council.

Some 20,000 visitors a year descend on the town to hear classical music and watch traditional local plays.

As well as housing a memorial to the Mörike Family it has an exhibition of local history with rotating themes throughout the year.