Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a heterogenous group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases, still under research, in which iron accumulates in the basal ganglia, either resulting in progressive dystonia, parkinsonism, spasticity, optic atrophy, retinal degeneration, neuropsychiatric, or diverse neurologic abnormalities.

[2] NBIA is not one disease but an entire group of disorders, characterized by an accumulation of brain iron, sometimes in the presence of axonal spheroids in the central nervous system.

[4] Symptoms can include various movement disorders, neuropsychiatric issues, seizures, visual disturbances, and cognitive decline, usually in different combinations.

[4] As of 2021[update] there were no curative treatments for any of the NBIA disorders, though several medications have been subject to clinical trial including the iron chelator deferiprone.

[5] Treatment is supportive and focused on improving symptoms: Dystonia is a common debilitating symptom and can be managed with oral medications, and sometimes with deep-brain electrical stimulation, therapy support for walking, eating, and manual tasks is essential.