[2][3] Recent studies have shown that Neuropilins are multifunctional and can partner with a wide variety of transmembrane receptors.

[4][5] Although Neuropilins are commonly found at the cell surface, they have also been reported within the mitochondria and nucleus.

[6][7] Both Neuropilin family members can also be found in soluble forms created by alternative splicing or by ectodomain shedding from the cell surface.

[8][9] The pleiotropic nature of the NRP receptors results in their involvement in cellular processes, such as axon guidance and angiogenesis, the immune response and remyelination.

[10] Therefore, dysregulation of NRP activity has been implicated in many pathological conditions, including many types of cancer and cardiovascular disease.