The SCI was established in 1969 as an independent agency funded directly by the New Jersey Legislature.

Members and staff of the SCI are prohibited from participating in non-federal political activity in New Jersey.

The Governor, members of the Legislature, and other public officials at the federal, state, county and local level can refer matters to the Commission, as can average taxpayers.

It conducts fact-finding probes, often targeting wasteful and abusive governmental practices, and makes the results public even if no criminal prosecution is contemplated.

Since the SCI does not have prosecutorial functions, it is required to refer information of possible criminality to the appropriate authorities.