New Marlborough is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States.

New Marlborough was established as one of the four townships opened along the road between Sheffield and Westfield.

The land was purchased from the local Native Americans (a band of Mohican Indians) by 72 proprietors from Marlborough, Massachusetts and vicinity, and the deed to the land was certified by the General Court in Boston in 1736.

Most of the land was divided into 60-acre parcels for settlement, which started in 1739 and proceeded quickly during the 1740s.

The town lies along Massachusetts Route 183, which passes from Lenox and Great Barrington towards Sandisfield and the Connecticut border.

The population density was 31.7 inhabitants per square mile (12.2/km2), which ranks 23rd in the county and 329th in the Commonwealth.

25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

[16] New Marlborough employs the open town meeting form of government, and is led by a board of selectmen and an executive assistant.

On the state level, New Marlborough is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives by the Fourth Berkshire district, which covers southern Berkshire County, as well as the westernmost towns in Hampden County.

In the Massachusetts Senate, the town is represented by the Berkshire, Hampshire and Franklin district, which includes all of Berkshire County and western Hampshire and Franklin counties.

[17] The town is patrolled by the First (Lee) Station of Barracks "B" of the Massachusetts State Police.

Additionally, there are private schools in Sheffield, Great Barrington and Salisbury, Connecticut.