In the 2014 election, Republican Lee Zeldin defeated Democratic incumbent Tim Bishop, who had represented the district since 2003.

Donald Trump won the district by 12 percentage points over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.

In 2018, Zeldin won re-election to a third term, narrowly defeating Democratic challenger Perry Gershon by 4.1%.

In 2022, Republican Nick LaLota defeated Democrat Bridget Fleming in the newly-redrawn district by an approximately ten-point margin.

The passage of the Wilson Pakula Act in the state legislature in 1947 established this electoral process in New York.